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Redefining Jeju’s Volcanic Identity: Mosewat Rhyolitic Breccia Zone to Become National Natural Monument
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Redefining Jeju’s Volcanic Identity:
Mosewat Rhyolitic Breccia Zone to Become National Natural Monument
When most people think of Jeju Island, images of black volcanic rocks and dramatic basalt cliffs immediately come to mind—a testament to the island’s explosive geological origins.
However, a recent geological revelation is reshaping that image and shedding new light on the island’s complex volcanic history.
The Mosewat Rhyolitic Breccia Zone, located along the outer slopes of Hallasan’s Baengnokdam crater, has emerged as a uniquely significant formation and is now on track to be officially designated as a National Natural Monument by the Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea.
A Field of Light Amidst a Sea of Darkness
Stretching approximately 2.3 kilometers in length and up to 600 meters in width, the Mosewat Rhyolitic Breccia Zone is a stark contrast to Jeju’s iconic dark basaltic landscape.
The term “Mosewat” is derived from the local Jeju dialect, with “mose” meaning sand and “wat” meaning field.
The name perfectly captures the terrain’s appearance—a pale, sandy-like expanse scattered with angular rock fragments, resembling a vast, natural mosaic.
Unlike the more familiar basalt, which is rich in iron and magnesium and has a dark coloration, the rocks found in Mosewat are rhyolitic.
Rhyolite is a silica-rich volcanic rock composed mainly of quartz and alkali feldspar, giving it a much lighter and more vibrant hue.
This makes the zone particularly eye-catching, as its pale rocks stand out vividly against the dark volcanic soil and vegetation of Hallasan.
A Geological Window into the Past
According to studies by the Cultural Heritage Administration and geologists specializing in volcanic activity, the Mosewat Rhyolitic Breccia Zone likely formed around 28,000 years ago during one of Hallasan’s major eruptions.
The breccia itself is composed of shattered rhyolitic rock fragments—some small and gravel-sized, others large and jagged—cemented together by volcanic ash and debris.
These geological features offer a rare glimpse into Jeju’s volcanic evolution.
While basaltic lava flows dominate the island’s topography, rhyolite is far less common, suggesting a different eruption style and magma composition at play during Hallasan’s long history of activity.
The presence of rhyolitic breccia indicates explosive volcanic episodes that were powerful enough to shatter solid rock and eject it across vast areas—creating the unique field we now see.
This makes the site not only visually remarkable but also scientifically invaluable.
Researchers can use the Mosewat zone to better understand the eruptive behavior of Hallasan and the broader geological dynamics that shaped Jeju Island.
A Destination for Hikers, Scientists, and Nature Lovers Alike
The upcoming designation of the Mosewat Rhyolitic Breccia Zone as a National Natural Monument is expected to boost eco-tourism and educational interest in the region.
Located on the flanks of Hallasan, South Korea’s highest peak, the zone is accessible via hiking trails leading to the Baengnokdam crater.
Visitors who venture to this part of the mountain are rewarded with panoramic views and an extraordinary landscape that challenges the traditional image of Jeju’s geology.
With increased recognition, the site is likely to attract not only geologists and students but also curious travelers and nature enthusiasts eager to witness a different side of Jeju’s volcanic beauty.
So if you're planning a trip to Jeju Island, don’t miss the chance to explore this lesser-known marvel.
The Mosewat Rhyolitic Breccia Zone is more than just a geological curiosity—it’s a vivid reminder of the island’s dynamic past and a symbol of the ever-evolving story written in stone beneath our feet.
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